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After the end of World War I, at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, the conference rejected China's legitimate demands and decided to transfer Germany's privileges in Shandong, China to Japan. Such a humiliating treaty aroused the anger of the people across the country.

On the afternoon of May 4, 1919, more than 3,000 students marched in front of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, shouting slogans such as "Return Qingdao to me; Fight for sovereignty abroad, and eliminate traitors at home", calling on the people to unite to oppose imperialist aggression and defend the country. This movement received the support and support of workers and people from all walks of life. Workers in Shanghai, Nanjing and other places also went on strike or held demonstrations, and quickly developed into a nationwide anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement.

The "May Fourth Movement" was a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement in China's modern history. It was the great starting point of China's new democratic revolution and made full preparations for the establishment of the Communist Party of China.

In order to inherit and carry forward the glorious tradition of the May 4th Movement, the Northwest Youth National Salvation Federation of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region designated May 4th as China Youth Day in 1939. In December 1949, the State Council of the Central People's Government of China officially announced May 4th as China Youth Day. During the festival, various commemorative activities were held across the country, and young people were organized to participate in various social volunteer activities.